The online world has grown in leaps and bounds in the last few years. This provides the public with some amazing resources - the ability to access information with the touch of a finger, the ability to communicate via fast and inexpensive methods, and more functionality and ease of use are being introduced every day. Unfortunately, as with all good things, there is also a dark side.

While there are plenty of people who use the internet and computers responsibly and honestly, there are predators and hackers out there who spoil the fun for everyone if their dirty deeds go unchecked. There are a lot of ways for these people to compromise your computer and your network. Below we will review just a few of the ways that your network can be compromised.

Two destructive network breaches fall under a category known as "destructive behavior." One involves the complete obliteration of data within your network. It is called "data destruction" and it is just what it sounds like. It happens when someone breaches your network and deletes data. If your network is business-related, this can be devastating. Experts say that it is no less destructive than a fire that destroys your computer equipment.

Some perpetrators have more than simple destruction in mind. They do something called "data diddling" which means that they alter the data in your system. They might change data in spreadsheets or other documents, or they might tamper with your accounting system. Some examples of things that have really happened involve the accounting system specifically. "Hackers" have broken into a network, accessed the accounting system, and changed the account numbers on direct deposit paychecks to go into their own accounts. Thefts like this take some time to track down - first the employee has to not get paid, investigations have to be made, and someone has to think to double-check the direct deposit account information. In some cases, companies have cut new paper checks and it has taken months to retrieve the lost funds.

Another way in which networks are vulnerable is in the realm of confidentiality. A lot of times, companies possess information that, if shared with a competitor, could be very bad for business. In this case, predators are not looking to alter or destroy data, they are merely trying to find out information they're not supposed to know. If someone were to find out financial performance information before a public release of said information it could affect the stock negatively. If a company is planning to roll out a new product and someone gets that information and gives it to a competitor, or leaks the information to the public, it could hurt the company's sales. Even more frightening is the possibility of someone breaking in to view confidential employee-related data - like home addresses, social security numbers, and bank account information.



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A penetration test (in the IT vernacular referred to as a "pen test") is also known as "ethical hacking", and this network security tool provides an essential function in vulnerability assessment. By actively seeking out and deploying attacks and penetration efforts against your network, you are more likely to uncover vulnerabilities and be able to take action to block holes in your security and pre-empt attacks on the perimeter defences.

Penetration testing includes both script-based and human-based attacks on the network in order to seek out and exploit vulnerabilities. The difference between this and say, criminal hackers looking to cause mischief or theft of data, is that you control the "attacker". The "attacker" reports back to you on whether they were successful and if so, how to stop such an attack from being successful in real-life. Penetration testing will reveal network security holes but more than this, it will be able to provide you with a realistic risk assessment including the impact on your business should such an attack succeed. Knowing what such an attack may cost your business will provide you with the ability to quantify the business risk and determine whether you do in fact, need to implement a solution.

"Black Box Testing" involves a penetration test where the attackers have no knowledge of the network infrastructure. They are working from what a real, external hacker would be using - online connectivity and any human intelligence or reliance on human nature, in order to discover vulnerabilities.

"White Box Testing" involves attackers who have full knowledge of the network infrastructure and are seeking out vulnerabilities and scenarios to take advantage of perceived weaknesses.

An intermediate form exists, known as "Grey Box Testing" where some knowledge is provided, known also as "partial disclosure".

The aim of these differing forms of testing is to compel imaginative ways to hack into the network, compromising network security. While having full knowledge of a system may lead the ethical attacker to use an obvious defect in network security, they may pass over and completely miss a less obvious but more severe vulnerability. Blind or black box testing does not allow for precise testing of certain components of the network because they don't know how the network is established but, this form of testing does lead to more imaginative attack scenarios being developed and hence, a more realistic prospect of stopping a real attacker with mischief in mind.

Penetration testing should be a regular scheduled activity and performed at least once a year and every time the network infrastructure is added to or changed. Penetration tests are also a serious component of risk audits conducted to determine network operation and integrity. Script-based penetration testing is relatively inexpensive because of the level of automation involved and is eminently suitable for white box testing. Black box testing, on the other hand, is labor intensive because it involves real people emulating real life hackers and such a penetration test will involve more than simply running an online attack against the network, for instance, rummaging through company trash for computer information, and this dramatically increases the cost.


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Using your company network as the backbone for making telephone calls is not a new concept, in fact it has been around for several years but recent developments in technology has increased the rate of adoption of internet telephony. Internet telephony goes by numerous names and acronyms - VOIP, Voice Over IP (IP stands for Internet Protocol), IP telephony, broadband telephony and VoBB (Voice Over BroadBand). Skype is the first widely adopted application which uses the internet backbone as the basis for transmitting voice and video call data.

The advantages of internet telephony are numerous, not least the cost savings associated with running telephone calls over the same network as the company network and internet. By combining the two applications - use of the web and making telephone calls - only one network is required instead of two separate telephony and IT networks. In a wider context, telephone and internet service providers (ISP's) can use their existing network, and network security , infrastructure to deliver services to customers. This is why it is so common to find cable/telephone/internet access all bundled together from companies in the business and domestic customer markets.

The cost of making calls also drops significantly as the internet (which is free) is simply being used to transmit your call in the form of data which is reassembled at the other end of the connection. A user simply needs to pay for internet access and this bypasses the need to pay a telephone company for the service. The cost savings become even more apparent when you consider that the internet backbone is just as capable of delivering your voice or video data to Australia as it is to the cubicle next door in head office.

Issues arose with internet telephony because of the poor call quality which was frequently experienced by users. Call quality has dramatically improved with better technology and data transmission techniques such that call quality is in many instances just as good as a land line call. A further drawback was the inability to make telephone calls if the internet connection was down - as internet telephony relies on the internet backbone to transmit the call, if you cannot access the internet for whatever reason, you cannot use the internet telephony service. This has led to criticisms of VOIP for its lack of redundancy but installations frequently run hand in hand with a fixed line system and still deliver significant cost savings.

Modern internet telephony systems use bandwidth with a high degree of efficiency and as this limiting factor has now been removed, more and more businesses are performing the migration of their business telephone service to IP based services. It is not just the cost savings which can be achieved which is the business driver but the functionality which can be delivered. Internet telephony encompasses much more than voice calling and includes video and web conferencing, interaction with email systems, multiple and anywhere/any device utility for making and taking calls, faxes and emails and much more. This is referred to as "unified communications" - treating any communication which can be made or taken using any device and internet telephony provides the basis for this merging of communications technology and application.



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Spammers are always looking for doorways to send spam emails. If your exchange server is an open relay which can easily help spammers to pass through, then many mail servers and ISPs will blacklist your domain. When you find out that your domain is blacklisted, you should take steps in removing your domain from that list so that your subscribers can receive your mail without fail. However, finding whether your domain is in the blacklist is the tricky part here and it can't be done without a proper tracking tool.

Spammers use spoofing to conceal their original identity. When your ip address or domain is used by spammers consistently to send out emails, then it is obvious that mail servers will consider your ip address and domain to be a spam. Popular domains are also commonly used for spoofing, but since the servers are aware of those domains, the whole domain will not be blacklisted. When your less known domain is in blacklist sites, mail servers will immediately blacklist the whole domain.

The only way to pass blacklist test is when you have your domain name is in the whitelist. Mail servers update their blacklist sites from time to time. When you contact the mail servers and prove them that your domain is not a spam, then you can whitelist your exchange server. However, after whitelisting, you should follow procedures to prevent spammers from using your exchange server to send spam emails.

Knowing domain is blacklisted is very crucial to take the next course of action. A proper mail monitoring and tracking tool which ensures email deliverability will check your domains and ip addresses against major blacklists popularly used by mail servers. All your emails will be tested against blacklists and any dispute will be reported to you. With this report, you can take steps to whitelist your domain to get in touch with your subscribers.



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Blacklists are found in thousands on the internet. Some of these blacklists are available for free while many providers buy authenticate blacklists from various legitimate internet monitoring groups. Basically, these blacklists contain ip addresses and information about emails used by spammers. IP addresses of mail services sending out spam emails will also be included in the blacklists. Simply, all kinds of blacklist sites will be available in blacklists.

ISPs and bandwidth providers will check blacklists before delivering any email. IP address of the sender is checked against blacklist used by the provider. It is not possible to find out what list is used by the ISP and bandwidth provider. Aside from public blacklists, companies will have private blacklists for more detailed checking.

Blacklist test is employed by email monitoring tools. These tools will use available known blacklists to perform the test. When your IP address is blacklisted in any of those known lists, you will be notified. Groups that are interested in keeping the internet clean will be engaged in creating these blacklists and hence, if you contact them, you can get your ip address whitelisted.

Many entrepreneurs lose their subscribers mainly because they don't check blacklists. While it is practically impossible to manually check your IP address against blacklisted list of IP addresses, a tracking tool can be of great help. If you think that you have to spend a great deal of money to buy a monitoring tool, then you are wrong. You can easily find a good email monitoring and tracking software that can help you in doing all kinds of blacklist tests.

The tool you use for checking blacklists must constantly update itself because everyday, many new domains and dns are added to the blacklists by internet users. Also, the tool must be able to use as many blacklists available to increase email deliverability.



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If you want to know whether your emails reach the recipients inbox, you will need to use a mail delivery tracking application. This software does several spam checks which is used by various email systems. When your email fails most of these checks, then it is time to find out where the problem is because only when your email pass the spam filters, it will reach the recipients' inbox.

Spamming is today widely hated and hence, email service providers set their filters to highest possible level trying to prevent any kind of spam. While this is good for the recipients, many times the filter will disallow legitimate emails from being sent to the recipients. Without a mail delivery tracking system in place, you won't know whether your email is in the spam folder or inbox of the recipient.

Spam monitoring is the main job of email systems because customers of those systems will not be happy when their inboxes are filled with spam emails. Even though your subscribers are interested in your newsletter and emails, they won't receive those emails when the spam filters filter out all those emails.

You can also instruct your subscribers specifically to include your email address in their whitelist to pass spam filter. However, the subscribers who will actually do this extra step to receive every email from you are a few as compared to the total number of subscribers in your list.

Hence, with the email marketing deliverability tracking assistance, you can get some insight about the filters that will disregard your emails. Some filters will check the subject line and contents of emails for spam words. Without any reason, spam filters may consider your email as spam when you have some affiliate links in your emails. Soft bounces must be known to you because with little improvements in email marketing campaigns, you can easily find ways to pass spam filters in the most legitimate way.



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Can your distribution partners access your training-services infrastructure, to quickly train their employees about your products, while also building a university-like organization to deliver and track training of their (and your) end customers? In a distributor-oriented organization, your LMS should be able to support many levels of such "Distributor-Modeled" training... and deliver benefits to you, your distributors, and your customers.

At the simplest level, your distributors would be able to send people to your LMS training site, and have them registered as customers of each distributor. This would allow you to generate reports about courses delivered, classroom scheduling, and training results for each distributor's customers over the past month, quarter, and year. It will also allow you to create more complex training solutions for heavy users of your training services, while being able to identify distributors who might benefit from special training promotions.

The next logical step would be to give distributors themselves restricted administrative access to your LMS. In the simplest implementation of this model, the distributors would be able to:

• Modify training accounts for their own customers.
• Assign online training.
• Enroll customers in your LMS' scheduled classes.
And on a more advanced level, distributors could:
• Assign Training Certificate Competencies and their related learning events to their customers.
• Create and run their own onsite training sessions.

This model will improve your relationship with distributors, enable you to provide them with more services, and reduce the training-administration overhead for your company. Some of the advanced services it also enables are:

• Linking a class with a specific distributor, so that only that company can enroll its customers in the class.
• Customizing training catalogs, with a reduced set of courses/classes and/or individualized course/class pricing for specific distributors.
• Offering these catalogs with either a prepaid training-account that end customers can tap, or a standard e-Commerce "customer pays" set up.
• Allowing distributors to order training for their customers.
• Creating special reports to track the training and certifications of distributors' customers.
• Setting up customized user-interface paths for distributor-administrators, to control their access to specific LMS functions.
This model also allows you to create a "Super Administrator" role for more advanced distributors, which allows them to perform such functions as:
• Creating classes.
• Entering class results.
• Creating user accounts.

And finally, to extend this Distributor Model to an advanced level, think about branding separate campuses for each distributor (Figure 3). This allows you to create completely separate, distributor-branded training sites for each distributor within your LMS, while still permitting you to do complete rollups of all their training information and results.

Among this model's advantages are that it allows distributors to:

• Keep their corporate branding throughout all customer training materials.
• Create one-to-many levels of structured reporting, allowing each distributor to produce hierarchical training reports for its own operation.
• Receive a single point of contact in your company, with Registrar rights and privileges, to help distributors maintain their training operations.

So if they fit into your operation, these three levels of Distributor-Modeled training can improve your relationships with your distributors and provide them with much better levels of service, support, and training functionality. These models can also both save you money (through reduced administrative costs) and increase revenues (through branded training campuses).

Steve Pena is a Senior Instructional Designer and Implementation Consultant at SyberWorks, Inc., Waltham, Mass.



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